THE NURSING PROCESS IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD OF ABDOMINAL SURGERY: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN PATIENT CARE

Abstract

Introduction: Surgery is a complex process that requires care before, during, and after the procedure, aiming at the patient's full recovery. In this context, nursing plays a central role through the Systematization of Nursing Care (SAEP) and the Nursing Process (PE), which organize and record the actions provided, ensuring safe and humanized care. Using systems such as NANDA-I, nurses plan interventions in all perioperative phases, reducing complications and ensuring qualified care, even in the face of structural and organizational challenges. Objective: To address the applicability of the Nursing Process in the perioperative period, focusing on abdominal surgeries. Methodology: Integrated literature review, collecting and summarizing existing scientific knowledge. Analysis and discussion of results: Colectomy is a surgical procedure indicated for diseases such as colorectal cancer and trauma, which requires pre- and postoperative nursing planning. The application of the Nursing Process involves clinical assessment, bowel preparation, nutritional support, and psychological support, based on protocols such as ERAS and ACERTO. It is up to the nurse to identify risks, make diagnoses, and implement interventions to prevent complications, promote safe recovery, and prepare the patient for possible ostomies. Thus, comprehensive, humanized, and autonomy-oriented care is ensured. Conclusion: The Nursing Process in abdominal surgeries, such as colectomy, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and gastroplasty, is essential to prevent complications and promote recovery. It involves preoperative assessment, emotional support, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative care, including pain management, risk prevention, and educational guidance. Thus, it ensures comprehensive, safe, humanized, and evidence-based care.