ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN UPDATE ON RECENT DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES

Abstract

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) remains the leading cause of global mortality, featuring a complex pathophysiology involving atherosclerosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. A current shift in the epidemiological profile is observed, with rising incidence among young patients, new variables introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the persistent need to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aimed to analyze recent advances in the diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies for AMI treatment, based on a literature review methodology. The analysis indicates a diversification in AMI etiologies, particularly in young populations (non-atherosclerotic), and highlights the central role of oxidative stress and lactate metabolism in tissue injury. Diagnostic capabilities have been enhanced by the use of high-sensitivity biomarkers and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR). The integration of precise diagnostics with innovative adjuvant therapies is crucial to reduce mortality and long-term complications. Conducting robust clinical trials is essential to validate these novel molecular interventions.