AESTHETIC USE OF PMMA AND ITS CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

The use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a permanent dermal filler has become significantly popular in aesthetic practice, driven by its durability and cost-effectiveness. However, its irreversible nature and the complexity of its interaction with biological tissues are associated with a wide spectrum of adverse events, ranging from local inflammatory reactions to severe complications such as necrosis and vascular embolism. The objective is to analyze the main clinical intercurrences resulting from the use of polymethylmethacrylate in aesthetic procedures, as documented in the scientific literature between 2010 and 2025. This is an integrative literature review of an exploratory-descriptive nature. The analysis of the selected studies allowed for the categorization of adverse events into immediate (necrosis, embolism, acute infection) and delayed (granulomas, fibrosis, product migration). It was evidenced that early complications are mostly linked to technical failures and anatomical ignorance, while delayed ones are predominantly the result of a chronic foreign body inflammatory response. Inadequate practitioner qualification and disregard for current regulations, such as those of ANVISA (Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency) and the CFBM (Federal Council of Biomedicine), were identified risk factors for the occurrence of these events. It is concluded that the use of PMMA in aesthetics carries a considerable and inherent risk profile due to its non-biodegradable nature. The safety of the procedure is directly dependent on profound anatomical knowledge, refined technique, and strict adherence to regulations. Preventing complications requires a practice model based on continuing education, professional ethics, and the prioritization of patient safety over any market interests.