INCIDENCE OF SPIROMETRIC PATTERNS IN REGION SOUTH-CENTRAL MATO GROSSO

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by increased airflow resistance due to diffuse airway disease, and the main representatives of this group are asthma, bronchiectasis, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the latter of which has smoking as its main risk factor. Treatment involves short- and long-acting bronchodilators, which may be combined with long-acting antimuscarinics. Restrictive pulmonary disorders, on the other hand, involve limited lung parenchyma expansion, resulting in decreased total lung capacity, and are divided into two categories: (1) chronic interstitial and infiltrative diseases, such as idiopathic interstitial fibrosis and pneumoconiosis; and (2) chest wall disorders such as poliomyelitis, pleural diseases, kyphoscoliosis, and severe obesity. Their management depends on the etiology, but generally involves antifibrotic medications, oxygen therapy, comorbidity control, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Spirometry is a pulmonary function test capable of differentiating between obstructive and restrictive lung diseases through the parameters analyzed in the test. The overall objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases and the diagnostic response after the use of the bronchodilator fenoterol in the south-central region of Mato Grosso. Methodology: a quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive study with secondary data collected on spirometry during pulmonology consultations at the São Matheus Laboratory in Cáceres/MT, during the period of 2024, without disclosing patient information, thus dispensing with the use of informed consent. Results: It was found that obstructive lung disease is more prevalent when compared to restrictive lung disease, and that, in general, women are the most affected group. It was also found that the most affected age group was adults and that most patients obtained a positive diagnostic response after using the bronchodilator fenoterol in spirometry. Discussion: the data collected in the research reflect the panorama found in the current literature, since according to the Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology, smoking is the main risk factor associated with COPD, in addition to occupational environmental pollutants such as dust, chemicals and electronic cigarettes throughout life, according to Pereira et al. (2024), and according to Malta, the large number of obstructive pulmonary disorders is also due to the contribution of asthma. In line with the study by Tashkin (2008), it was also analyzed that most patients obtained a positive diagnostic response to the use of the bronchodilator, and that the absence of a diagnostic response to fenoterol may reflect a reduction in pulmonary hyperinflation after the bronchodilator, which is not measured by spirometry, in accordance with Pereira (2004). The study acknowledges limitations, recommending further research to expand the epidemiology of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases and to monitor the progression of these diseases, enabling an early and targeted preventive approach.