GENDER INEQUALITY IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Abstract

Introduction: In Brazil, the Unified Health System (SUS) seeks to guarantee universal public health, but faces difficulties in implementing principles of equality and equity in effective access. Vulnerable groups face challenges such as inequality, lack of professionals and resources, or factors that limit access to quality services. Furthermore, many countries recognize health as a human right, but more than half of the world's population still lacks access to essential services. Discrimination exacerbates the situation, hindering care for minorities. This article analyzes the challenges in primary health care, focusing on gender inequality and its impact on care. Objective: To identify the main challenges faced in primary health care related to gender inequality and how they impact care. Methodology: This study consists of an integrative literature review, based on the following guiding question: What are the main challenges faced in primary health care related to gender inequality and how do they impact care? Data collection took place in August and September 2025, using the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and Virtual Health Library (VHL). Inclusion criteria were: articles published between 2020 and 2025. Descriptors in the health sciences field were used: gender inequality, primary care, health equity, challenges faced. Duplicate articles (i.e., those in more than one database), as well as monographs, incomplete texts, dissertations, and any material not aligned with the study's objectives were excluded. Results and discussion: This study identified the invisibility of citizens in the health service. Promoting access to and fair use of services is crucial for promoting universal access, a factor that directly impacts society. Ensuring fair access to health services requires the implementation of measures to guarantee equal access. Furthermore, universal access is a matter of social justice. In conclusion: strengthening services helps overcome existing weaknesses, making the care provided more qualified and sensitive to the community's needs.