GRAPHENE AS A NANOCARRIER: INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

Abstract

Graphene is a truly innovative nanomaterial. Only one atom thick, it stands out for its impressive strength and remarkable electrical and electronic properties. Because of this, the family of nanomaterials that includes graphene and graphene oxide has been widely explored in various fields, especially medicine. This review article aims to analyze the most recent applications of these materials in healthcare. Among the main approaches are the targeted delivery of drugs and pharmaceuticals in treatments such as cancer, gene therapy, combating microorganisms, and, more recently, in therapies for diseases such as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite its great potential, toxicity remains one of the main obstacles to its use in treatments. Therefore, this article also aims to investigate graphene's biocompatibility and the most recent techniques developed in the market to ensure the reduction of its toxicity, making it safer and more effective for therapeutic use.