THE RISK OF SELF-MEDICATION IN ADULTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Self-medication is the abusive use of medications with the intent of curing or reducing symptoms in adults. This practice occurs without a medical prescription or the purchase of medications from pharmacies by third parties. Even with regulations, ordinances, and policies aimed at prohibiting this problem, it still happens, bringing various disadvantages to society and negatively impacting public health, causing morbidity and mortality due to the abusive use of self-medication. The aim of the study is to assess the risks of abuse resulting from self-medication in adults, considering the factors that lead to the practice and its challenges in prevention. This is an integrative literature review, with data collected in August and September 2025. The research was conducted using the SciELO, BVS, and Lilacs databases, applying the inclusion criteria: articles published between 2015 and 2023, available in Portuguese and English for free, and that address the topic in question in full. Excluded articles include duplicates (present in more than one database), articles in Spanish, monographs, dissertations, incomplete articles, and those that do not align with the study's objectives. Therefore, the study highlights that although the practice of self-medication is common for relieving symptoms, it can pose serious health risks and delay the diagnosis of other conditions, emphasizing the importance of the pharmacist's role in ensuring the proper use of medications. The findings reinforce the need for policies on action, promotion, and prevention regarding self-medication, appropriate guidance, and effective pharmaceutical care aimed at ensuring the safe and restricted use of medications to prevent harm to the population.