AQUATIC PHYSIOTHERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES: A NARRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Aquatic physiotherapy has increasingly stood out as an effective therapeutic resource in various pathologies; however, its outcomes in children with neurological pathologies are still unknown. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of aquatic physiotherapy in children with neurological pathologies, such as Non-Progressive Chronic Encephalopathy, Down Syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted in the SciELO, PubMed, and BVS databases using the descriptors "Aquatic physiotherapy," "Aquatic physiotherapy in children," "Hydrotherapy," and "Neurological aquatic physiotherapy." The findings showed that the physical properties of water, such as viscosity, buoyancy, and hydrostatic pressure, reduce gravity, thus facilitating exercises and decreasing joint overload. The Halliwick, BadRagaz, and Watsu methods promote sensory and motor improvement, stimulating socialization and well-being in the child. Results: Comparing water exercises to land-based exercises, the results show that aquatic exercises are more effective, improving muscle strengthening, balance, and range of motion. Therefore, aquatic physiotherapy is a safe and effective resource that contributes to improving the quality of life of patients. Conclusion: it is recommended that more research be conducted to provide more scientific evidence for aquatic physiotherapy treatment in children with neurological pathologies.