THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN MYELOMENINGOCELE PROPHYLAXIS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW ON FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze scientific evidence on the role of nurses in preventing meningomyelocele, focusing on strategies to promote folic acid supplementation. The research adopted a methodology of integrative literature review, including studies published between 2020 and 2025. Results highlight that folic acid supplementation before conception can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by up to 70%. However, adherence to folic acid use remains insufficient, particularly in low-income areas and rural regions, due to lack of information and access. Meningomyelocele (MMC) is a congenital malformation of the central nervous system caused by a defect in the closure of the neural tube during fetal development. The prevention of MMC is strongly associated with folic acid supplementation in the pre-conception period. The role of nurses is crucial in both counseling and follow-up care for pregnant women and continuous care for newborns with MMC. The study concludes that strengthening public health policies, increasing health education, and ensuring access to folic acid for all women of reproductive age is essential.