CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE AND THE CHALLENGES FOR NURSES CARING FOR PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

Abstract

Renal physiology explains the functioning of the kidneys and the importance of the nephron in blood filtration and toxin elimination. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a serious public health problem, with a growing number of patients undergoing hemodialysis, a condition marked by physical, emotional, and social limitations. In Brazil, the prevalence of CKD is increasing due to comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. Hemodialysis, although essential, imposes profound changes in lifestyle, affecting autonomy, family relationships, work, and mental health. Nursing care becomes fundamental to guide, prevent complications, provide emotional support, and promote quality of life, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary and humanized approach to the biopsychosocial impacts of the disease. This study aims to analyze the challenges of nursing care for patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, identifying difficulties experienced by the team and evaluating strategies used for comprehensive and humanized care. A narrative literature review was conducted between February and September 2025 in the SciELO, LILACS, and BDENF databases, using DeCS descriptors and specific inclusion criteria, resulting in 15 studies analyzed in full. The nursing team faces technical, emotional, and organizational challenges in hemodialysis, requiring vigilance, support, and communication. Strategies such as individualized care, emotional support, and health education promote comprehensive and humanized care. Humanized nursing integrates technique and sensitivity, promoting individualized care, clear communication, emotional support, and health education. These practices enhance autonomy, strengthen bonds, and ensure safe, welcoming, and patient-centered care.