INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE FIRST MAXILLARY MOLAR: AN LITERATURE REVITION

Abstract

A detailed understanding of the internal anatomy of the maxillary first molar is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. This tooth presents high morphological complexity and frequent anatomical variations, especially in the mesiobuccal root, where a second canal (MB2) is commonly found. The failure to locate and treat these additional canals is one of the main causes of endodontic failure. This literature review aimed to analyze the anatomical variations of the maxillary first molar and their clinical implications, emphasizing the importance of imaging methods and professional updating. Studies published between 1997 and 2024 were reviewed, including morphological, in vitro, and clinical research. The results demonstrate that the maxillary first molar generally has three roots and four canals, with the MB2 being the one most often missed. It is concluded that understanding internal anatomy and using advanced technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and operating microscopy are fundamental for successful modern endodontic practice.