ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES IN BAHIA BETWEEN 2019 AND 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The present article addresses gestational toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection that may cause abortion, malformations, and neurological sequelae. In Brazil, it is more frequent in socially vulnerable areas, where screening and treatment remain limited. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of gestational toxoplasmosis in Bahia (2019–2024) and its relationship with social inequality. Methods: An epidemiological, ecological, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using DATASUS/TABNET data. Sociodemographic variables (maternal age, gestational age, race/skin color, education, municipality) were analyzed, emphasizing areas of extreme poverty. Temporal trends were assessed with Poisson regression, and spatial analysis with Local Moran’s I (LISA). Results: Brazil recorded 67,290 cases, 5,668 (8.42%) in Bahia. The state showed a 192.05% increase between 2019 and 2023, higher than the national average (77.54%). Most cases occurred in women aged 20–39 years (77.1%), in the second trimester (43.2%), self-declared as mixed race (63%), and residents of municipalities in extreme poverty (33.7%). Spatial analysis confirmed clusters in vulnerable areas. Conclusion: Findings reveal strong social inequalities. Universal prenatal screening, intersectoral health education, and sanitation investments are essential to reduce maternal-fetal risks and promote equity.