DIABETES MELLITUS SECONDARY TO HYPERCORTISOLISM IN DOGS

Abstract

Hypercortisolism, also commonly called hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), is an endocrine disease caused by excess glucocorticoids, which can be pituitary, adrenal, or iatrogenic. It primarily affects adult dogs, with signs such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, muscle weakness, and skin changes, in addition to behavioral impacts. Excess cortisol interferes with glucose utilization, induces insulin resistance, and increases hepatic glucose production, favoring the development of secondary diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and glycosuria resulting from insulin deficiency or resistance to its action, and is more common in females and some predisposed breeds. The association between HAC and DM complicates clinical management, requiring integrated treatment of the primary disease, pharmacological and surgical therapies, and nutritional support. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic tests, and therapeutic strategies is essential to optimize glycemic control, minimize complications, and improve the quality of life of dogs with these comorbidities.