PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC PERFORMANCE IN THE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH TRISOMY 21

Abstract

This study aimed to describe the role of physical therapy in the motor development of children with trisomy 21, considering its challenges, intervention methods, and benefits. This is an integrative, descriptive-exploratory literature review conducted in the Virtual Health Library from February to August 2025. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the selection of publications published between 2015 and 2025, resulting in 16 articles analyzed in full. The results indicated that children with Down syndrome present specific characteristics, such as hypotonia, ligamentous laxity, and delays in acquiring motor milestones, factors that compromise their autonomy and social participation. Evidence indicates that physical therapy, through interventions such as the Bobath Method, hydrotherapy, hippotherapy, and psychomotor activities, significantly contributes to improving posture, balance, coordination, and muscle strength, in addition to promoting socialization and functional independence. We conclude that early and continuous physical therapy intervention is essential to enhance the motor development of children with trisomy 21, promoting not only physical progress but also greater social inclusion and quality of life. We also emphasize the importance of expanding research to consolidate evidence-based intervention protocols.