ATOPIC DERMATITIS: CLINICAL ASPECTS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS, AND MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition highly prevalent in childhood, significantly affecting the quality of life of patients and their families. Its clinical variability and diagnostic challenges complicate management. Objective: This study aims to review the current clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for pediatric atopic dermatitis, with a focus on new treatment strategies and advances in disease understanding. Methods: A systematic search of the scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 2009 to 2024. A total of 19 studies addressing the etiology, diagnosis, and innovative treatments for pediatric AD were included. Results and Discussion: The prevalence of AD continues to rise, with a higher incidence in developed countries, directly impacting the quality of life of affected children. Diagnosis is complicated due to its diverse clinical presentation, but advances in biomarkers and imaging techniques have improved accuracy. Therapeutic management has progressed with the use of biological therapies, and caregiver education has proven essential for long-term success. Personalized approaches and early diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment. Conclusion: Pediatric atopic dermatitis requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach. The development of innovative therapies and continuous caregiver education is essential for improving patients' quality of life, and further research is needed to refine therapeutic strategies.