ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) IN ADULTS: DIAGNOSIS, IMPACTS ON MENTAL HEALTH, AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Abstract

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is a neuropsychiatric condition that significantly impacts functional life and mental health but still faces diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Objective: This bibliographic review aims to synthesize recent evidence on the diagnosis, mental health impacts, and therapeutic strategies for adult ADHD, highlighting the importance of personalized and integrated interventions. Methods: A systematic search of the scientific literature was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2009 to 2024. Original studies and reviews published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish were included, focusing on the diagnostic aspects, mental health impacts, and therapeutic strategies for adult ADHD. After the initial screening of 1,500 articles, 28 studies were included in the review. Results and Discussion: The prevalence of ADHD in adults ranges between 2.5% and 4.5%, with diagnostic challenges arising from the overlap of symptoms with other psychiatric conditions. Comorbidities such as depression and anxiety are common, complicating treatment and necessitating integrated approaches. The functional and social impact includes difficulties in employment and interpersonal relationships, highlighting the need for interventions that promote social and professional skills. Effective therapeutic strategies combine pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, with emphasis on cognitive-behavioral therapy and the use of digital technologies and mindfulness. Conclusion: The review emphasizes the need for precise diagnoses, management of comorbidities, mitigation of functional and social impacts, and the evolution of therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life of adults with ADHD. The integration of personalized and innovative approaches is crucial for effective clinical management.