BRAZILIAN COLONIAL LEGACY: SÃO PAULO’S CRACOLÂNDIA AS A SYMPTOM OF A REGULATED AND INCOMPLETE CITIZENSHIP

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the case of Cracolândia as a living symbol of fragmented, unequal, and incomplete citizenship in Brazil, based on the diagnosis developed by José Murilo de Carvalho in Citizenship in Brazil (2004). To this end, a historical reconstruction will be carried out based on Thomas Humphrey Marshall's work Citizenship and Social Class (1967), with the aim of first illustrating how the Brazilian case exemplifies a construction of citizenship that is the inverse of that proposed by Marshall. It is expected that, in the end, a critical assessment will demonstrate that Cracolândia does not represent the illusion of individual autonomy, but rather the omission of the State as an expression of the historical reversal in the consolidation of social, political, and civil rights in Brazil.