AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY: APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY DENTISTS

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself through a set of behavioral and communicative characteristics. Individuals with this condition often present atypical development, which translates into deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication, difficulties in social interaction, and the adoption of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In the dental context, caring for patients with autism presents unique challenges that require specific knowledge and differentiated approaches from oral health professionals. Given these characteristics, the question arises: what are the most effective approaches to care for these patients, taking into account the obstacles that dentists may encounter during care? The general objective of this study is to investigate the approaches used by dentists in the care of autistic children, in addition to exploring the challenges faced in this process. The specific objectives include identifying behavior management techniques that are adapted to this population and describing the necessary adaptations in the dental environment to promote more efficient and welcoming care. The methodology adopted consists of a bibliographical research, which is based on the analysis of articles published in the last 10 years and indexed in the SCIELO, PUBMED and LILACS databases. These approaches allow a comprehensive understanding of current practices and the challenges faced by dental professionals when treating patients with ASD. The results of the research show that sensory hypersensitivity and communication difficulties require the use of differentiated behavioral management techniques. Among these techniques, behavioral therapies that aim to improve patient cooperation and the use of assistive technologies that can facilitate communication stand out. In addition, it is essential that the dental environment be adapted to reduce patients' anxiety and stress, including the use of soft colors, adequate lighting and the possibility of using headphones to minimize office noise. Through these practices, it is possible to promote more effective and humanized care, ensuring that children with this disorder have access to adequate dental care, improving their quality of life and oral health.