POST-SURGICAL OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS IN VITREORETINAL SURGERY: ANALYSIS OF PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY (PVR) AND ITS PROGNOSTIC IMPACTS

Abstract

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a serious complication of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, defined by the formation of contractile fibrous membranes that generate traction and can lead to surgical failure. The management of PVR has evolved with the improvement of techniques such as pars plana vitrectomy and the use of intraocular tamponades, such as liquid perfluorooctane, expandable gases and silicone oil, which are crucial for retinal stabilization. Despite advances, disease recurrence and postoperative complications, such as ocular hypertension, remain significant clinical challenges. Understanding the pathogenesis of PVR, driven by an exacerbated inflammatory response, has motivated the development of adjuvant therapies with antifibrotic agents, which aim to modulate the healing response. Personalization of treatment, considering the severity of the condition and the individual inflammatory response, is essential to optimize anatomical and functional outcomes. Continued research is essential to improve the management of PVR and reduce its visual impact.