FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA OF THE ORAL MUCOSA: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Oral fibrous hyperplasia is a common benign lesion often associated with chronic trauma or local irritation. It is characterized by excessive growth of fibrous connective tissue, resulting in a bulky increase of the affected mucosa. Although considered a non-neoplastic condition, it may cause functional and esthetic discomfort, requiring careful differential diagnosis to rule out other oral pathologies. This study aimed to gather and analyze recent scientific articles addressing clinical, histopathological, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic aspects related to oral fibrous hyperplasia. A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and Virtual Health Library, considering publications from 2020 to 2025. Selected studies, reviews, and case reports discussed etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatments, including surgical procedures. Results indicate fibrous hyperplasia is often induced by local irritants such as ill-fitting prostheses or continuous trauma, presenting clinically as a firm, painless mass typically located in high-friction areas. Histopathological diagnosis is essential for confirmation and exclusion of malignancies. Surgical excision is the most common treatment with good success rates and low recurrence, although less invasive therapies like diode laser have shown effectiveness. The discussion emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and removal of irritative factors to prevent recurrence. It is concluded that oral fibrous hyperplasia, although benign, requires careful attention for appropriate management and complication prevention.