IMPACT OF HPV IN THE ORAL CAVITY: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PREVENTION

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses and has become increasingly relevant in the etiology of benign and malignant lesions in the oral cavity. This study aimed to analyze the impact of HPV on oral clinical manifestations and to discuss prevention strategies. Literature review revealed that the virus can manifest through lesions such as squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, and focal epithelial hyperplasia, in addition to being associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma, especially in persistent infections caused by oncogenic subtypes such as HPV-16. Factors such as unprotected oral sex, multiple partners, and low immunity increase the risk of infection. Prophylactic vaccination has proven effective in preventing oral infections and their complications and is recommended for both sexes during adolescence. It is concluded that early diagnosis, combined with vaccination and health education, is essential to contain the progression of lesions and reduce the incidence of HPV-associated oral cancer. Integrated action among dentistry, medicine, and public health is fundamental to addressing this growing issue.