PULP PROTECTION TODAY: NECESSARY OR DISPENSABLE?

Abstract

Dental pulp is a highly innervated and vascularized connective tissue with immunological, sensory, nutritional and reparative functions. In cases of loss of healthy dentin due to caries, trauma or wear, odontoblasts produce reparative dentin as a defense mechanism. However, there are situations in which the natural response of the pulp is not sufficient, making it necessary to use specific materials for its protection. This research aimed to analyze the real need for pulp protection today, considering the biological aspects of the pulp, the effectiveness of protective materials and possible conflicts with restorative adhesive systems. The study was developed through a review of scientific literature covering relevant publications from 2015 to 2025. It was found that materials such as calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and bioceramic materials have bioactive properties and promote the formation of reparative dentin. Although one branch of aesthetic dentistry claims that modern dentin adhesives eliminate the need for pulp protectors, research indicates that their monomers can have a cytotoxic effect on pulp cells, especially in deep cavities. It is therefore concluded that pulp protection continues to be a relevant practice in contemporary dentistry, contributing to the preservation of pulp tissue vitality and preventing the need for more invasive procedures.