RADIOLOGY IN THE DETECTION OF CALCIFIED ATHEROMAS

Abstract

The article highlights the importance of detecting calcified atheromas—deposits of calcium, cholesterol, and blood clots in arteries—due to their role in atherosclerosis and increased risk of stroke, especially in the carotid arteries. The main objective is to emphasize the relevance of identifying such calcifications on radiographs in daily medical practice to aid in the primary prevention of vascular diseases. A literature review was conducted using SciELO, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases, covering articles from 2010 to 2025 focused on radiologic techniques for atheroma detection. Dental radiographs, such as panoramic and lateral cephalometric images, can incidentally reveal calcified plaques as radiopaque nodules. Carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is commonly used as the first-line exam due to its accessibility and noninvasive nature. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) provide detailed anatomical views of carotid bifurcation, while catheter-based cerebral angiography, though invasive, is the gold standard. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) enhances vascular visualization. Calcification may hinder interpretation in some methods, but each imaging modality has its strengths. The study concludes that imaging choice should consider plaque characteristics and clinical context, with CDUS being an effective initial tool for carotid stenosis assessment.