THE BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING ON CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction:The benefits of breastfeeding are significant due to their direct impact on the physical, cognitive, and emotional health of children. Breast milk is considered the baby's first vaccine, providing protection against infectious and nutritional diseases, while also promoting neuropsychomotor development and strengthening the emotional bond between mother and child. In this context, this study aims to analyze the benefits of breastfeeding for child growth and development, reinforcing its vital role in public health. Methodology: This study is an integrative literature review aimed at identifying the benefits of breastfeeding on child growth and development. The review was conducted using articles published between 2019 and 2024 from the databases LILACS, PubMed, and MEDLINE. Included were original studies with primary data, written in Portuguese and English, addressing the benefits of breastfeeding for child growth and development. Excluded were review articles, editorials, opinion pieces, studies outside the time frame, or those with unavailable full text. The descriptors used, drawn from DeCS and MeSH, were: ("breastfeeding" OR "nursing") AND ("child growth" OR "child development"). The research question was constructed using the PICo strategy, considering: P (infants), I (breastfeeding), and Co (growth and development of the child). Results and Discussion: The selected studies demonstrate that exclusive breastfeeding up to six months contributes to neurological development and future cognitive performance. Colostrum, present in the first days of life, is rich in proteins with immunological functions. Benefits for the mother were also identified. Early weaning, on the other hand, was associated with factors such as returning to work and lack of guidance during prenatal care. The role of the nurse is highlighted as essential in supporting breastfeeding practices. Public policies, such as adequate maternity leave and breastfeeding-friendly spaces, are crucial to ensuring successful breastfeeding. Conclusion: Breastfeeding is essential for child development, and it is necessary that mothers receive adequate support to increase breastfeeding rates and ensure the health of the child.