THE IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: THE ROLE OF NURSES IN IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING

Abstract

Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Early diagnosis can substantially improve the prognosis and development of the child, favoring more effective interventions adapted to individual needs. The literature highlights that nurses, because they are in direct and frequent contact with families, are in a privileged position to observe atypical behaviors and guide those responsible on the importance of specialized evaluations. Methodology The study was an integrative literature review, based on the following guiding question: “What is the role of the nurse in the early identification and monitoring of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?” The research was conducted through the SciELO and BVS databases, using previously established inclusion criteria, defined using the Boolean operators "autism spectrum disorder" OR "nursing" OR "early diagnosis". Studies published between 2020 and 2024, in Portuguese and English, with free access were included. Reviews, theses, monographs, editorials, and technical notes were excluded. The results were presented through tables and the analysis was based on the scientific literature. Results The study highlighted the importance of nurses in the early identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting their role in childcare consultations and in monitoring child development. However, the lack of preparation and confidence of these professionals was observed, caused by gaps in academic training and the absence of continuing education. The conclusion reinforces the need to invest in the qualification of nursing, in the integration of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) with primary care, and in the implementation of updated protocols, in order to guarantee comprehensive and effective care for children with ASD and their families. Conclusion The study highlighted the importance of nurses in the early detection of ASD and the need for adequate training, emphasizing the urgency of investments in training, updated protocols and integration of primary care with mental health.