EVOLUTION OF ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS IN FRACTURE RESISTANCE

Abstract

Fracture resistance of endodontic instruments is a critical factor for the success of endodontic treatments, as fractures during canal preparation may compromise root canal cleaning, hinder obturation, and consequently impair the clinical prognosis. With technological advances, new materials and thermal treatments have been developed to improve the resistance and flexibility of these instruments. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the evolution of endodontic instruments in relation to fracture resistance, with emphasis on their physical-mechanical properties and contributions to clinical practice. The methodology was based on the analysis of scientific articles selected from the PubMed, Scielo, Bireme, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2011 to 2025. Priority was given to publications in Portuguese and English that addressed the evolution, properties, and resistance of endodontic instruments. After the analysis, it was observed that instruments made of nickel-titanium alloys with thermal treatment demonstrated better clinical performance due to greater resistance to cyclic fatigue, controlled memory, and flexibility. Furthermore, mechanized instrumentation systems have promoted greater standardization and safety during root canal preparation. It is concluded that advances in the materials and manufacturing technologies of endodontic instruments have led to significant improvements in endodontic practice, reducing the risk of fractures and contributing to more effective and predictable treatments.