BURNOUT SYNDROME IN MOBILE EMERGENCY SERVICE NURSES

Abstract

Introduction: Burnout syndrome, also known as professional burnout syndrome, is the name given to occupational stress, currently classified by the World Health Organization as a chronic disease, directly linked to the work environment, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal fulfillment. In addition, nursing professionals who work in pre-hospital care are affected by these stressors, resulting in physical and psychological illness. Objectives: To identify in the literature the factors that contribute to the development of Burnout Syndrome in nurses in the mobile emergency service. Methodology: The study is an integrative review of the literature based on the guiding question: what factors are associated with burnout syndrome in nurses in the mobile emergency service? Data collection took place in February and March, through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) database and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, using the Health Sciences Descriptors (Decs): “Nursing”; “Professional exhaustion”; “Burnout Syndrome”; “Mobile Emergency Service. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: articles published between 2019 and 2024, available in Portuguese for free, addressing the topic and available in full. Duplicate articles, i.e., those present in more than one database, articles in English and Spanish, incomplete articles, dissertations and those that deviated from the study proposal were excluded. After data collection, they were analyzed, organized into tables and discussed based on the literature. Results and discussion: The work of nurses in the mobile emergency service is directly linked to a routine marked by continuous stress, exhausting workdays and frequent exposure to situations of risk, suffering and death, which favors the emergence of Burnout Syndrome. The emotional exhaustion of these professionals is aggravated by the lack of institutional support, the difficulty in balancing personal and professional life and the lack of recognition of mental health as an essential part of care. The discussion points to the need for changes in the organization of work, the creation of spaces for listening and the appreciation of care for those who provide care, recognizing the complexity of the daily lives experienced by these workers. Conclusion: The reality faced by nurses in the mobile emergency service demands greater attention from health institutions, especially with regard to the care for the mental health of these professionals. Emotional exhaustion, characteristic of Burnout Syndrome, thus arises as a consequence of a context marked by intense pressure, lack of support and absence of welcoming strategies.