CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION: EARLY SIGNS, DIAGNOSTIC BARRIERS AND CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Childhood depression is a complex psychological disorder that significantly compromises a child's emotional, social, and cognitive development. This integrative literature review aimed to identify the early signs of depression in children, discuss the barriers that hinder its diagnosis, and present the most current therapeutic approaches. The findings reveal that symptoms in childhood are often nonspecific and masked by behavioral changes, contributing to underdiagnosis. Factors such as social stigma, lack of professional training, and limited access to mental health services exacerbate the issue. The discussion emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary action and the training of educators and health professionals for early identification and appropriate referral. Cognitive-behavioral therapy adapted for children and family support are prominent therapeutic strategies. It is concluded that expanding the care network and promoting specific public policies are essential for effectively addressing the problem.