ADVANCES IN THE OBSERVATION AND UNDERSTANDING OF BLACK HOLES: GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND EVENT HORIZON

Abstract

Black holes are cosmic objects of extreme density and gravitational force, where light cannot escape their attraction. This study aims to explore recent scientific discoveries about observation and detection methods that have revolutionized our understanding of these phenomena. The research is based on a review of current scientific literature, covering theories of formation and evolution, physical characteristics such as mass, charge and rotation, and technological advances such as the detection of gravitational waves and the capture of images of event horizons. The methodology used includes critical analysis of scientific articles, case studies and observational data obtained by instruments such as LIGO, Virgo and the Event Horizon Telescope. Through this approach, the main advances in understanding the properties of black holes and their implications for theoretical and observational physics were identified. Among the most significant results, the confirmation of the existence of binary black holes and the obtaining of the first image of an event horizon stands out, which validated long-standing theoretical predictions. The findings of this study not only corroborate Einstein's general relativity, but also open new perspectives for research in quantum gravity and cosmology. Furthermore, the observation methods developed have the potential to reveal even more about the dynamics and evolution of black holes, influencing the formation of galaxies and the structure of the universe. This work provides a comprehensive and updated view of the most challenging and fascinating topics in contemporary astrophysics, encouraging the continuation of investigations in this field.