TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES WITH SURGICAL INTERVENTION

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases are structural malformations of the heart that are present from birth and affect a significant portion of the child population. They can range from simple defects that do not require intervention to complex conditions that require surgical corrections to improve cardiac function and the quality of life of patients. Surgical intervention in the treatment of these conditions has proven effective. Several surgical techniques have been developed over the years, with significant advances in diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic options. Such interventions have been accompanied by advances in imaging technologies, anesthesia and postoperative care, optimizing the results for these patients. Objective: To analyze and summarize the main advances and challenges in the treatment of congenital heart diseases through surgical interventions, focusing on efficacy, complications and long-term prognosis. Methodology: The systematic review was performed using the PRISMA checklist, searching for scientific articles in the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. The descriptors used were “congenital heart disease”, “cardiac surgery”, “surgical treatment”, “cardiac malformations” and “surgical intervention”. Articles published in the last 10 years, in Portuguese and English, were considered. The inclusion criteria were: clinical studies on surgical intervention in congenital heart disease, articles detailing the post-surgical evolution and studies with pediatric population. Studies focusing on non-surgical treatments, review articles or meta-analyses, and studies involving acquired heart disease were excluded. Results: The results demonstrated that surgical intervention has shown positive results in terms of reducing complications associated with congenital heart disease. Conclusion: In conclusion, surgical interventions have been fundamental in the treatment of congenital heart disease, offering a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients. However, the evolution of techniques and the appropriate management of postoperative complications remain critical areas to ensure long-term success, highlighting the importance of continuous and specialized monitoring.