INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: PRINCIPLES, CHALLENGES AND PRACTICES

Abstract

This article discusses inclusive education as an educational paradigm that aims to ensure quality education access for all students, regardless of their conditions. It addresses the principles of inclusive education, the challenges faced in its implementation, and successful practices promoting inclusion. Inclusive education is rooted in social movements and public policies aimed at equality rights. The Salamanca Statement (1994) and the National Policy on Special Education from the Perspective of Inclusive Education (Brazil, 2008) are significant milestones. School inclusion transforms the educational system to meet the needs of all students, valuing diversity and equity.The main challenges include attitudinal barriers (prejudice and lack of preparation of professionals), lack of resources and infrastructure, and the need for curricular adaptation. Continuous investment in teacher training, adequate infrastructure, and flexible curricula is necessary. Practices such as collaborative teaching, project-based education, and the use of assistive technologies promote inclusion. Creating welcoming school environments and awareness programs are effective measures. Studies show that schools that have adopted inclusive practices have seen significant improvements in students' academic and social performance, and more inclusive environments.