THE INFLUENCE OF GERMSIDE MUTATIONS IN BRCA1/BRCA2 GENES ON THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT FOR BREAST AND OVARIAN CANCER

Abstract

This article aimed to evaluate the influence of germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes on the choice of treatment for breast and ovarian cancer, considering advances in targeted therapies and preventive strategies. The methodology employed was a systematic review, conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, using the ScienceDirect and PubMed databases. Twelve studies, published between 2019 and 2024, that address the relationship between BRCA mutations and therapeutic efficacy were analyzed. The results demonstrated that mutations in BRCA1/2 are associated with greater sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, which increase progression-free survival in patients with breast and ovarian cancer. In addition, preventive strategies, such as mastectomies and prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomies, emerge as effective tools to reduce the risk of cancer in individuals with BRCA mutations, highlighting the impact of mutation location on clinical outcomes and the relevance of genotyping for management. The importance of ongoing research to expand therapeutic indications and integrate molecular, clinical and preventive approaches is emphasized, promoting truly patient-centered oncology. Personalized treatment, combined with ethical genetic counseling, represents significant advances in oncology, promoting better clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients.