CONTROL OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS: CHALLENGES AND ADVANCES

Abstract

Echinococcosis is a globally significant parasitic zoonosis caused by species of the genus Echinococcus, such as Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. It is characterized by the formation of hydatid cysts in the internal organs of intermediate hosts, such as humans and herbivores, while dogs serve as definitive hosts. The disease primarily affects rural areas in developing countries, posing substantial public health and economic challenges, particularly in livestock farming. Control methods include the use of antiparasitic drugs in dogs, proper disposal of infected viscera, and livestock vaccination, along with educational campaigns. However, cultural barriers, financial constraints, and logistical difficulties make disease control challenging. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques, such as serological and molecular methods, as well as the development of more effective vaccines, represent promising progress. This study reviews the challenges and advances in the control and prevention of echinococcosis, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches that consider epidemiological, social, and economic aspects. The research aims to contribute to the understanding of management strategies and their applicability in different contexts, providing support for the implementation of more effective measures.