THE SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ABUSIVE USE OF NASAL DECONGESTANTS

Abstract

The use of nasal decongestants is common to relieve nasal congestion symptoms, but prolonged and improper use can lead to serious side effects. Self-medication and the lack of medical guidance exacerbate the problem. The objective is to elucidate the main side effects associated with the abusive use of nasal decongestants and highlight the importance of pharmaceutical guidance. This is a narrative literature review, with searches conducted in scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO) between 2001 and 2023. Studies were selected focusing on side effects, self-medication, and pharmaceutical interventions.The main identified side effects were: rhinitis medicamentosa, dependence, hypertension, tachycardia, and nasal irritation. The central issue is the prolonged reduction in blood flow to the nasal mucosa, resulting in dryness and, in more severe cases, tissue atrophy. This condition impairs the mucosa's regenerative capacity, making it more susceptible to infections and bleeding. Although these medications are widely used to relieve symptoms of colds, flu, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis, they offer only temporary relief and do not address the underlying causes. Self-medication was an aggravating factor. Pharmaceutical guidance proved essential in preventing complications.It is concluded that the abusive use of nasal decongestants can lead to serious side effects. Health education and pharmaceutical guidance are crucial to preventing complications and promoting the rational use of these medications. Increasing awareness about the risks of self-medication is necessary.