EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AGED 0 TO 9 YEARS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN BRAZIL ASSOCIATED WITH HIV INFECTION IN THE YEARS 2013 TO 2023

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) in children co-infected with HIV represents a serious public health problem in Brazil, with a special impact on the North and Northeast regions, which face deficiencies in health infrastructure. This study analyzed the incidence of TB in children aged 0 to 9 years co-infected with HIV between 2013 and 2023. The research reveals that, during this period, the incidence of TB increased by 25%, from 1,200 to 1,500 cases per year. HIV co-infection worsens the clinical progression of TB, resulting in a 50% higher mortality rate and 40% more resistance to conventional treatment. Between 2013 and 2023, the incidence of TB in co-infected children decreased by 33.7%, from 89 to 59 cases, although with variations over the years. The analysis revealed that regions with greater coverage of public health programs, such as the Southeast, had better results in controlling the disease, while the North and Northeast presented greater challenges. Control initiatives, such as vaccination campaigns and health education, have contributed to reducing cases, but disparities in access to diagnosis and treatment remain a significant obstacle. It is therefore essential to strengthen health policies, expand access and improve the quality of treatment in the most affected regions.