NURSING ACTIONS IN PALLIATIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING ONCOLOGICAL TREATMENT

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the role of nurses in the context of medical teams in the treatment of oncology patients in palliative care, as well as to identify the main limitations faced by these professionals. The methodology adopted a literature review, guided by the PICO approach, with delimitation of the problem in adult patients with cancer (P), interest in quality of life (I), context in palliative care (C) and results related to emotional distress, pain, anxiety and fear (O). The research was conducted in the Cochrane, SciELO, PubMed, BVS and Scopus databases, with descriptors in Portuguese and English. The results highlighted the central role of nurses in oncology palliative care, highlighting two main areas of activity: direct patient care, which includes pain relief, clear and compassionate communication, promotion of autonomy and attention to spiritual dimensions; and the coping strategies of the nursing team, such as health education, interdisciplinary work, continuing education and self-care. On the other hand, significant limitations were identified, categorized as: gaps in training and knowledge, with an emphasis on a traditional model focused on cure and insufficient specific training; structural and resource limitations, such as the scarcity of materials and restricted access to specialized services; and difficulties in communication and emotional aspects, including the approach to sensitive topics and the psychological impact of suffering on the mental health of nurses. It is concluded that the role of nurses is essential to promote the quality of life and comfort of cancer patients in palliative care.