WOMEN'S COMPLIANCE WITH THE PAP TESTING SCREEN: STRATEGIES THAT PROMOTE EARLY DISCOVERY OF CERVICAL CANCER

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is recognized as a serious public health problem that affects women worldwide, with a high mortality rate. This malignant neoplasm that affects the cervix is ​​characterized by the disordered replication of the epithelium lining the organ and by having a slow progression, which may remain asymptomatic in the initial stages. However, when diagnosed and treated early, it has a high chance of cure. Its first signs can be identified in the preventive exam, known as Pap smear. Objective: To understand how the scientific literature addresses women's adherence to the Pap smear, and the strategies to reduce cases of cervical cancer. Methodology: The study was an integrative review of the literature, conducted in the Bdenf, Scielo, Lilacs and Bvs databases, using the controlled descriptors in health: neoplasia, cervical cancer, human papilloma virus, Pap smear test and comprehensive women's health care, associated with the Boolean AND. For the inclusion criteria, articles published between 2019 and 2024, full texts available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and that addressed topics of high importance were accepted. Duplicate articles and those that were not aligned with the proposed research theme were excluded. Results and discussion: Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential in the health system, promoting comprehensive care and disease prevention. PHC nurses are crucial for women's health, working in several areas, such as cancer screening and combating violence. Cancer, one of the leading causes of mortality, is widely associated with risk factors and could be prevented with prevention. In Brazil, cervical cancer, often asymptomatic in the early stages, is screened by the Pap smear. Vaccination against HPV, started in 2014, was expanded to children and adolescents, reducing the incidence of this cancer. Conclusion: Cervical cancer is a major public health challenge. However, access challenges and sociocultural barriers still limit the reach of services. To overcome them, it is essential to invest in education and public policies that expand women's autonomy and access to preventive care.