ROLE OFF THE NURSE IN MANAGING COMPARTMENT SYNDROME RELATED TO CHEMOTHERAPY EXTRAVASATION IN PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY

Abstract

The hospitalization of children with cancer has significant emotional and physical impacts, intensifying feelings of fear and discomfort while distancing them from their routines and families. This situation becomes even more challenging with a cancer diagnosis in children and adolescents, which is marked by alarming incidence rates and stark disparities between developed and developing countries. Chemotherapy is essential in pediatric cancer treatment, yet chemotherapy extravasation and Compartment Syndrome are serious complications that may arise, requiring special attention in patient care. This literature review explores the role of nurses in the prevention and management of these severe complications in pediatric oncology, drawing on articles from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, REBEn, Instituto Ronald McDonald, INCA, SBOC, LILACS, and COFEN.The development section provides a detailed account of the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome, highlighting how increased pressure within muscle compartments due to vesicant drug extravasation can lead to severe tissue damage. This study emphasizes the role of nurses in selecting and maintaining venous access devices and in the continuous monitoring of signs of complications. The specialized actions of nurses, combined with safety protocols, are essential for minimizing risks and enhancing the quality of life for children undergoing cancer treatment, ensuring safe and compassionate care.