ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN CONTRACEPTION: A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF FEMALE AND MALE METHODS

Abstract

This article provides a comparative review of female and male contraceptive methods, focusing on recent innovations, efficacy, safety, and acceptance. We discuss recent advancements, the challenges faced, and the implications for clinical practice and public health. The analysis includes both hormonal and non-hormonal methods, with particular emphasis on emerging technologies and equity in contraceptive responsibility. Our methodology involved a literature review through comparative analysis of current articles using databases such as PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar. Results indicate that, despite significant advancements in female contraceptive methods, there remain critical gaps in acceptance, accessibility, and side effects. Male methods, though less diverse, show potential for increased adherence if better promoted and if new options, such as hormonal methods, are developed. The research underscores the importance of education and awareness about contraception to foster informed and equitable choices across genders. We conclude by highlighting opportunities for future research and the potential impact on global reproductive health.