RECENT EVIDENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF BIOMATERIALS IN ORTHOPEDICS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

The use of biomaterials in orthopedics represents a promising approach for the repair and regeneration of bone and joint tissues, offering innovative alternatives that meet the biomechanical and biological requirements of patients. This integrative review aimed to identify and synthesize recent evidence on the application of biomaterials in orthopedic procedures, with emphasis on four main classes: metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. Metallic biomaterials, especially titanium alloys, stood out for their mechanical resistance, while ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite, presented osteoconductive properties. Polymers, notably PLGA, showed potential for tissue engineering, with the ability to adapt to complex bone defects, while composites offered an integrated approach for greater biocompatibility and durability. However, challenges such as biocompatibility and long-term resistance were identified, highlighting the need for new research and technologies to improve the effectiveness of these materials. It is concluded that, although biomaterials have made significant advances, the field still requires continuous development to ensure their safety and clinical efficiency in orthopedic treatments.