GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: CLINICAL AND SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

Abstract

Introduction: Gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often underdiagnosed but can cause considerable morbidity. SLE, a chronic autoimmune disease, predominantly affects women and can lead to gastrointestinal complications such as abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and even intestinal perforations. Systemic inflammation associated with SLE can compromise gastrointestinal function, generating a complex clinical picture that requires special attention. Clinical and surgical interventions are essential to address these manifestations, since inadequate management can result in serious complications and impact patients' quality of life. Objective: To examine the gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and the clinical and surgical interventions required for its management. Methodology: The methodology was developed based on the PRISMA checklist. The databases used were PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science, with the descriptors Immunoglobulins, Inflammation, Fibrosis, Malabsorption, and Abdominal pain. Inclusion criteria were: studies addressing gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with SLE, publications from the last 10 years, and including data on women. Articles that did not focus on gastrointestinal manifestations, literature reviews, and studies with small sample sizes were excluded. Results: The results showed that clinical interventions, such as pain control and immunosuppressive therapy, are essential to manage gastrointestinal manifestations. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary, especially in situations of intestinal perforation or ischemia. The analysis revealed that multidisciplinary management, involving gastroenterologists and rheumatologists, was crucial to optimize clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus require a careful approach and integrated management. The review highlighted the importance of clinical and surgical interventions, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment, especially for women, to improve quality of life and minimize complications.