IMPACT OF UROLOGICAL SURGERY ON THE TREATMENT OF CRYPTORCHIDISM IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM RESULTS

Abstract

Introduction: Cryptorchidism, a condition characterized by the failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum, is one of the most common genital anomalies in newborns and infants. Surgical treatment, usually by orchidopexy, has proven essential to prevent complications such as infertility and testicular cancer. Studies have shown that early interventions can result in better functional and psychological development of patients. However, the analysis of long-term results still raises questions about the efficacy and possible complications associated with this surgery. Objective: To evaluate the long-term results of urological surgery in the treatment of cryptorchidism in pediatric patients. Methodology: The research followed the PRISMA checklist guidelines and used the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. Five descriptors were used: "cryptorchidism", "orchiopexy", "pediatrics", "long-term results" and "complications". Inclusion criteria included articles published in the last 10 years that addressed pediatric patients undergoing surgery and presented long-term results. On the other hand, studies with small sample sizes, non-systematic reviews, and articles that did not address surgical results were excluded. Results: The analysis revealed that orchidopexy performed before 12 months was associated with better functional results, including reduced rates of infertility. In addition, a decrease in surgical and psychological complications, such as self-esteem problems, was observed. Most studies showed that, even after surgery, regular follow-up is crucial to detect possible anomalies. Conclusion: Urological surgery for the treatment of cryptorchidism in pediatric patients proved to be effective and essential, with positive long-term results, as long as it is performed early. The data highlighted the importance of appropriate management and continuous follow-up to ensure the health and well-being of patients, in addition to minimizing future risks. The evidence supported the need for early surgical interventions and continuous monitoring of affected individuals.