ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS IN INFANTS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT TREATMENTS AND IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOME

Abstract

Introduction: Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants, especially in children under two years of age, and is frequently caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The disease has a significant clinical and financial impact, requiring a review of its therapeutic and preventive approaches. Objective: The objective of this article is to conduct a bibliographic review of the current treatments used in the management of acute bronchiolitis in infants, focusing on the most recent therapeutic interventions and their impact on the clinical evolution of patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases, with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies addressing treatments, risk factors, and preventive strategies for acute bronchiolitis in infants were analyzed. Results and Discussion: Most treatments for bronchiolitis remain focused on supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and hydration, with limited efficacy for bronchodilators and corticosteroids. Palivizumab immunoprophylaxis proved effective in preventing the disease in high-risk groups, but its high cost limits widespread application. Risk factors such as prematurity and exposure to passive smoking are associated with greater disease severity, justifying personalized treatment for these patients. Conclusion: The review emphasizes the need for personalized interventions for infants with elevated risk factors and highlights the role of prevention in reducing morbidity. Investments in new therapies and increased access to immunoprophylaxis are essential to improving the clinical management of acute bronchiolitis.