VITILIGO ANALYSIS

Abstract

Objective: Analyze the characteristics of Vitiligo. Bibliographic review: Vitiligo, an autoimmune depigmenting skin disease, with an estimated prevalence of 0.5 to 2% of the world population, is characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes that results in typical white, non-scaly macules. Clinically, vitiligo is categorized into segmental vitiligo (unilateral distribution of lesions corresponding to a dermatome) and non-segmental vitiligo (generalized, including acrofacial), mixed and unclassified vitiligo (focal/mucosal). In vitiligo, treatment is challenging due to a complex multifactorial disease whose precise etiology is still unclear. Final considerations: Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune disease characterized by macules and depigmented patches on the skin, which occur secondary to the destruction of melanocytes. Its etiopathogenesis includes genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, as well as metabolic and immunological changes. Treatment depends on the classification, disease progression and patient preferences, but in general, a combination of topical and systemic medications and phototherapy are useful for stabilizing and repigmenting vitiligo.