CHALLENGES IN THE TREATMENT OF HEART FAILURE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This narrative literature review gathered articles published preferably in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese in the last five years in the PUBMED database with the aim of reviewing the challenges related to the treatment of patients with heart failure. Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that results from the inability of the heart to maintain an adequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the tissues or to do so only under conditions of increased ventricular filling pressure. This condition can manifest through a variety of signs and symptoms, including dyspnea, fatigue, peripheral edema and exercise intolerance, reflecting both volume overload and reduced tissue perfusion. HF is not a single disease, but a syndrome that can result from multiple etiologies. The treatment of heart failure remains a multifaceted challenge, requiring a personalized and multidisciplinary approach to meet the complex needs of patients. Overcoming these challenges requires not only continued therapeutic advances, but also improvements in treatment adherence, management of comorbidities and psychosocial support. Investments in emerging technologies and a more integrated, patient-centered approach will be essential to improving outcomes in heart failure treatment.