AUTISM AND SLEEP DISORDERS: NEUROPEDIATRIC EVALUATION AND CLINICAL COMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant challenges in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Studies have revealed a high prevalence of sleep disorders among children with ASD, which further aggravates the central symptoms of the disorder, such as irritability and attention deficits. These disorders predominantly include insomnia, sleep apnea and movement disorders during sleep, and are widely recognized as factors that contribute to the deterioration of the quality of life of these children. Adequate identification and treatment of these sleep problems are crucial, as lack of intervention can lead to negative consequences for cognitive and emotional development, increasing difficulties in managing ASD symptoms. Objective: The objective of this systematic literature review was analyze the relationship between sleep disorders and ASD, exploring the main therapeutic interventions available and their respective effectiveness, as well as the impacts of these disorders on the quality of life of children and their families. Methodology: The review was conducted using the PRISMA checklist as guide, consulting the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases. The following descriptors were used: "Autism Spectrum Disorder," "sleep disturbances," "treatment," "behavioral therapy," and "melatonin." For the selection of studies, the inclusion criteria considered articles published in the last 10 years, studies that addressed specific interventions for sleep disorders in children with ASD, and peer-reviewed publications. The exclusion criteria involved articles outside the stipulated period, studies focusing on adults, and research that did not present relevant clinical data. Results: The results indicated that sleep disorders affect between 50% and 80% of children with ASD, being that sleep hygiene and melatonin administration were identified as effective interventions. Furthermore, the active participation of parents and the personalization of therapeutic strategies proved to be fundamental for the successful management of these disorders. Conclusion: It was concluded that the treatment of sleep disorders in children with ASD requires a multidisciplinary approach, which includes behavioral interventions and pharmacological. Improving sleep quality not only alleviates ASD symptoms, but also has a positive impact on the child's overall development and family quality of life.