EFFICACY OF REHABILITATION THERAPIES IN PATIENTS WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction: Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are debilitating conditions that result in significant loss of motor and sensory function. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in maximizing functional independence and improving the quality of life of these patients. This integrative review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapies in patients with spinal cord injury. Methodology: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase. Original studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental and observational studies, published in the last ten years (2013-2023) were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results and Discussion: A total of 25 studies, covering 2,350 participants, were included. Physiotherapy interventions showed significant improvements in muscle strength, mobility, and balance. Occupational therapy promoted independence in activities of daily living. Robotic exoskeletons improved mobility and reduced spasticity, while functional electrical stimulation (FES) increased muscle strength and motor function. However, variability in intervention protocols and short follow-up duration were frequent limitations. Evidence indicates that multimodal and personalized approaches are essential to optimize rehabilitation outcomes. The integration of physical therapy, occupational therapy, exoskeletons, and FES may provide a more comprehensive recovery. Future research should focus on more rigorous designs and longer follow-ups to strengthen the evidence base. Conclusion: Rehabilitation therapies are effective in promoting functional recovery and improving the quality of life of patients with spinal cord injury. The implementation of multimodal and personalized approaches, combined with the development of new technologies, is essential to maximize therapeutic benefits and provide a better quality of life for these patients.