MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO FALL PREVENTION IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS, DOCTORS AND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS

Abstract

Preventing falls in older adults is a significant public health challenge due to the high rates of morbidity, mortality, and economic impact associated with them. This integrative review analyzed and synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of multidisciplinary approaches in preventing falls in older adults, highlighting the role of physical therapists, physicians, and occupational therapists. The search included 17 studies published between 2010 and 2023, including randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and systematic reviews. The results indicated that physical therapy interventions, including exercise programs targeting muscle strengthening, balance, and functional mobility, are effective in reducing the risk of falls. Physicians play a crucial role in reviewing and adjusting medications, as well as in managing chronic conditions and correcting sensory deficits. Occupational therapists contribute significantly by adapting the home environment and promoting safe techniques for performing daily activities. Integrating interventions from these professionals into a coordinated program was shown to be the most effective approach to fall prevention, highlighting the importance of communication and coordination among members of the multidisciplinary team. Tailoring interventions to meet the individual needs of older adults was also identified as essential to maximize benefits. We conclude that a multidisciplinary approach to fall prevention is essential to reduce the incidence of falls and improve the quality of life of older adults. Health policies should support integrated care models and promote ongoing training for health professionals involved. Future research should explore the effectiveness of these interventions in different cultural and socioeconomic contexts, as well as the impact of new technologies on fall prevention.