ADVANCES IN REFRACTIVE SURGERY: COMPARISON BETWEEN LASIK AND PRK

Abstract

Refractive surgery, particularly through LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) and PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) techniques, has evolved significantly, providing effective alternatives for the correction of refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. This study performs an integrative comparative review between LASIK and PRK, highlighting technological advances, efficacy, safety and patient satisfaction. LASIK, characterized by the creation of a corneal flap, offers faster visual recovery and less initial discomfort, but presents specific risks such as flap displacement. PRK, which avoids flap creation, is preferable for patients with thin corneas or those prone to ocular trauma, although its visual recovery is slower and involves greater postoperative discomfort. Advances such as the use of femtosecond lasers in LASIK and personalized ablation techniques in PRK have significantly improved the results of both techniques. The comparative analysis reveals that both provide equivalent final visual results, with high levels of patient satisfaction in the long term. The choice between LASIK and PRK should be based on an individualized assessment, taking into account patient-specific factors to ensure the best possible results. It is recommended that future studies explore long-term follow-up and continued investigation of new technologies to further improve the safety and efficacy of refractive surgeries.