INVESTIGATING THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF NEW GLUCOSE LOWERING AGENTS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND CORONARY ARTERIAL DISEASE

Abstract

Investigating the cardiovascular effects of new glucose-lowering agents in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease is crucial, given the increased risk of cardiovascular events in this population. Diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease often coexist, amplifying the risk of serious cardiovascular complications. Therefore, understanding how new hypoglycemic agents directly impact the cardiovascular system is essential to optimize therapy and improve clinical outcomes. Objective: To investigate the available data on the cardiovascular effects of new glucose-lowering agents in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease, synthesizing recent evidence to inform clinical practices and guide future investigations. Methodology: The systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published in the last 10 years, using the descriptors "glucose-lowering agents", "diabetes mellitus", "coronary artery disease", "cardiovascular effects" and "clinical trials ". Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical studies, controlled trials, and meta-analyses. Exclusion criteria were studies with less than 6 months of follow-up, lack of cardiovascular outcomes as primary outcomes, and studies with samples smaller than 100 patients. Results: Analysis of selected studies revealed that certain glucose-lowering agents, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, demonstrated significant benefits in reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. These results suggest that these agents may play a fundamental role in reducing cardiovascular risk in this population. Conclusion: The available evidence highlights the importance of considering cardiovascular effects when selecting glucose-lowering agents for patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. The incorporation of these new agents into clinical practice may offer significant benefits in reducing cardiovascular risk and improving clinical outcomes in this high-risk population.